麻豆传媒

Holiday travel 2015

Book your holiday air travel early this year. That's the advice from Dean Headley, Airline Quality Rating co-author and associate professor of marketing at 麻豆传媒.

Demand for airline travel has been strong all year, and demand is expected to remain strong through the holiday travel weeks around Thanksgiving and Christmas. Travelers on U.S. airlines during the holidays usually find that ticket prices are higher and seats are harder to find. With seat capacity and route adjustments because of airline consolidation, booking early is highly recommended.

While industry airline performance quality has generally improved each year since 2007, the travel experience has become more stressful and uncertain, especially around the holidays. High passenger volumes and the possibility of bad weather should always be factored into holiday travel plans.

"During the past several years, the holiday travel period has continued to be a challenging time for travelers, and with industrywide seat capacity adjustments, it will remain a stressful travel experience," said Headley.

"December and January typically have the worst on-time arrival percentage and mishandled baggage rates of any month. The best bet for the consumer is to travel as early before the actual holiday or as late as possible afterward, and always leave room for schedule changes."

The industry overall

Looking back, 2014 was a steady year of improvement for airline performance -- until December.

"Data shows performance scores are holding steady from year to year," said Headley. "We are settling in to a reduced capacity system that challenges travelers to be savvy. With strong demand for fewer seats and fewer airline providers, it presents an opportunity for the airlines to perform better, but also charge more for a ticket."

In 2014, best performing airlines across the combined AQR categories were Virgin America, Hawaiian, Delta and JetBlue. Hawaiian was best in on-time performance. Virgin America and Hawaiian were best in avoiding denied boardings. Virgin America was best in baggage handling. Alaska had the lowest rate of customer complaints.

The worst performing airlines across the combined AQR categories in 2014 were Envoy/American Eagle, Express Jet, SkyWest, United and Frontier. Envoy/American Eagle, ExpressJet and Southwest had the worst on-time performances. SkyWest and Express Jet had the worst rate of denied boardings. Envoy/American Eagle had the highest rate of mishandled baggage. Frontier had the highest rate of customer complaints.

What's ahead?

According to Headley, airline mergers and consolidation continue to add new dynamics to the industry and generally shrink consumer choice options. The combining of United with Continental airlines, Southwest with AirTran, and American Airlines with US Airways is changing the options travelers have historically had available. The success of these new mega-carriers in combining operations remains a work in progress.

"If you look at past AQR data (), you will find that combining two very large airlines does not necessarily result in improved performance and usually takes several years to settle out," said Headley. "Look back to the Delta/Northwest and U.S. Air/America West mergers, and you find that these mergers brought performance problems and opportunities for the new carriers."

Airline fees are still a reality, so consumers need to be aware and plan for the added costs that their choices might bring. Unbundled services available a la carte are significant and creative revenue producers for airlines that have proven essential to airlines bottom line profits.

"Ticket prices may appear to be reasonable to slightly higher, but when the fees hit you, you truly feel that the overall cost of travel has gone up," said Headley. "Maybe a year ago the average price was $400, but with $75 in fees, that ticket seems noticeably more expensive. When the travel involves tickets and fees for an entire family, the costs add up quickly. At some point, consumers will simply say that the holiday visit is not worth the price and the hassle."

Some tips

• Be flexible in your travel plans in order to get the lowest fare. The best deals may be limited to travel on certain days of the week (particularly midweek or Saturday) or certain hours of the day (e.g., early-morning flights or overnight "red eyes"). Plan as far ahead as you can. Flights for holiday periods may sell out months ahead of time, although in many cases you can find a seat if you elect to travel on the holiday itself, e.g. Christmas Day or Thanksgiving Day.
• Using a travel agent can help explore the options available. A small fee up-front is often worth it when plans go wrong. Having an experienced travel agent on your side can help de-stress the situation and save the day.
• When selecting a flight, remember that a departure early in the day is less likely to be delayed than a later flight, due to 鈥渞ipple鈥� effects throughout the day. If you book the last flight of the day, you could get stuck overnight. Allow plenty of time to make connecting flights. Leave extra time between connections if possible, just in case flights are delayed and flight schedules get changed.
• If you have a choice between two connections and the fares and service are equivalent, choose the one with the less-congested connecting airport. This reduces the risk of misconnecting. Also consider potential adverse seasonal weather when choosing a connecting city.
• Consider paying by credit card, which provides certain protections under federal credit regulations. When a refund is due, the airline must forward a credit to your card company within seven business days.
• As soon as you receive your itinerary/confirmation, check to make sure all of the information on it is correct, especially your name, the airports (if any of the cities have more than one) and the flight dates. You will need to show a government-issued photo I.D. when you fly. It is important that your name as it appears on the ticket is the same as it appears on the I.D. you will be using.
• Airlines don't guarantee their schedules, and you should realize this when planning your trip. Re-check the departure and arrival times of your flights a few days before your trip; schedules sometimes change.
• Certain items should never be put into a piece of luggage that you plan to check into the baggage compartment. Small valuables, cash, credit cards, jewelry, or expensive camera should not be placed in checked baggage. Critical items such as medicine, keys, passport, tour vouchers, business papers, manuscripts, heirlooms, and fragile items such as eyeglasses, glass containers, and liquids are things that should be carried on your person or packed in a carry-on bag. Pack as light as possible. Ship packages or luggage ahead of time so last-minute schedule changes don鈥檛 put your belongings at risk of being lost.
• Check in early (as early as 24 hours is allowed online). You can lose your entire reservation if you are not at the gate 10-15 minutes before scheduled departure time on a domestic flight (longer on international flights). If a flight is oversold, the last passengers to check in are the first to be bumped, even if they have met the check-in deadlines.
• At final check-in, verify that the agent checking your bags attaches a destination tag to each bag. Check to see that these tags show the three-letter code for your destination airport.
• Each airline has its own policies about what it will do for delayed passengers waiting at the airport; there are no federal requirements. Overbooking is not illegal, and most airlines overbook their scheduled flights to a certain extent in order to compensate for no-shows. Passengers are sometimes left behind or bumped as a result. If you're not in a rush to arrive at your next destination, you can voluntarily give your reservation back to the airline in exchange for compensation and a later flight. But before you do this, you may want to get answers to some questions like: When is the next flight on which the airline can confirm your seat? If the original airline re-booking is unacceptable, will they rebook you on another airline? If you need to stay overnight, will the airline provide other amenities such as free meals, a hotel room, transfers between the hotel and the airport, and a phone card? Before agreeing to accept a travel voucher as compensation for being bumped, ask about restrictions. Many vouchers have blackout dates during peak periods.
• If you are bumped involuntarily, DOT requires each airline to give all passengers bumped involuntarily a written statement describing their rights and explaining how the carrier decides who gets on an oversold flight and who doesn't. Those travelers who don't get to fly as scheduled are frequently entitled to denied boarding compensation in the form of a check or cash. The amount depends on the price of their ticket and the length of the delay.
• For more information about how airlines perform, more travel tips and advice about flyers rights, go to .

Given the stress of travel and the airlines efforts to fill every seat on every flight, manners and consideration for other travelers shared space needs to be part of traveler鈥檚 holiday spirit. Being a self-reliant, informed and prepared traveler is your best protection against the hassles of travel by air.

The national Airline Quality Rating for 2016 (covering the performance results of 2015) will be released Monday, April 4, 2016, at the National Press Club in Washington.

For information about the national Airline Quality Rating, go to .